http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/2747 2026-04-17T13:13:44Z 2026-04-17T13:13:44Z Salah N. Farhan http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/13819 2024-04-03T15:26:09Z 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Efficiency of Pre-Treated Immobilized Chara Algae (C. vulgaris) for Biosorption of Copper and Lead from Aqueous Solutions Authors: Salah N. Farhan Abstract: The present study evaluates the potential of chemically modified, immobilized Chara algae (C. vulgaris) to remove copper and lead from aqueous solutions. Chara algae were prepared and studied for their ability to remove heavy metal ions prepared solutions. In a batch mode, several factors affecting the adsorption process such pH, temperature, contacting period and algal dose on adsorption efficiency were studied. Results showed that the metal adsorption process takes place quickly at pH values (5.0-6.0), temperature level (25-30) oC and the order of the accumulated metal ions is Cu>pb.The results showed that the handling with low concentration of nitric acid at 0.05 normality was effective in the process of desorbing metal ions. So as for regeneration of algae, 0.2 M sodium hydroxide is very effective. The regenerative algae were used for five cycles of biosorption, without losing its demineralization efficacy. FTIR absorption spectroscopic analyzes showed that all groups that present in the algae are responsible for the main biological absorption of metal ions.Adsorption process specifications are more effective when using modification processes, as the maximum adsorption of algae for both lead and copper was within a range of 6.5-10.3 mg per gram of algae when using the alkaline treatment. While the acid treatment reduced the amount of adsorbent by 4.2-5.8 mg per gram algae; The adsorption process is fast and occurs by 90% within the first 15 min. Heavy metal adsorption was observed at very low levels at pH values as low as 2.0. Algae are effective in removing lead, copper and other light metal ions from wastewater.

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z Ayad qays Abdulrahim Thiab Humod Oday Ali Ahmed http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/13818 2024-04-03T15:24:34Z 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: A Data Based Method Road Surface Parameters Estimation for Anti-Lock Braking System Authors: Ayad qays; Abdulrahim Thiab Humod; Oday Ali Ahmed Abstract: Accurate road surface parameter identification is considered essential for selecting the appropriate controlling threshold in the Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) utilized in modern vehicles. This paper presents a data-based method for road surface parameter estimation. The proposed method utilizes a pattern recognition technique that works to estimate the road type during braking. A detailed analysis and related comparison is provided for several pattern recognition techniques such as Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Decision Tree (DT), which were chosen among previously studied pattern recognition techniques. A model for the ABS system is implemented with MATLAB Simulink, and the required data is extracted to be utilized to train each model individually. After training is complete, a test has been applied in order to obtain the performance of each trained model. In particular, accuracy and sensitivity are utilized to compare the effectiveness of these models, with 96% for the SVM, 95.2% for the DT model, and 94% for the KNN model. Although the SVM classifier accuracy was better than both the KNN and DT classifiers, all classifiers presented a high performance accuracy that proves the possibility of utilizing a data-based method for road surface parameter identification that increases the reliability of safety systems like the ABS.

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z Hadeel Ali Handel Sabah Ibrahim S. I. Harba http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/13817 2024-04-03T15:23:09Z 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Numerical Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Exterior Beam-Column Joints Under Limited Cycles of Repeated Loading Authors: Hadeel Ali Handel Sabah; Ibrahim S. I. Harba Abstract: The beam-column joints play an important role in the structures where the functions of connection shortage by transport the forces like shear, moment, and torsion from the beam to the column. So, this study represents an attempt to investigate the performance and the effect of limited cycles of repeated load on the strength of the exterior beam-column joint core. Therefore, 34 specimens have been investigated by using a numerical analysis that used the finite element method. To simulate these specimens, the concrete damage plasticity model was used to define the concrete materials and the nonlinear isotropic/kinematic (combined) hardening model for steel material definition. These models are involved in the ABAQUS software package, version 2020. This study involves key parametric studies on beam-column joints, which are summarized as changing the ratio of shear reinforcement of the joint core in addition to using two types of shear reinforcement. This study also includes the effect of flexural reinforcement of the beam as well as the beam’s shear reinforcement effect on the strength of the beam-column joint. To calibrate the software to simulate a realistic result, three specimens have been used, which have been tested in previous studies. It has been found that this numerical model accurately predicts the experimental response under limited cycles of repeated loading. The ultimate load from modelling was compared with the experiment once, having a difference of less than 10% and the ultimate displacement having a difference of less than 11%. It has been found that increasing the ratio of the joint’s shear reinforcement to double has no significant effect on the ultimate load. Otherwise, decreasing it to half leads to a decrease in the ultimate load compared with a specimen that is designed according to ASCE352-02R. This study has studied the effectiveness of increasing the shear reinforcement by adding an x-shape reinforcement. Also, the flexural reinforcement of the beam has found it has increased the ultimate load capacity by 48% Where the ratio of flexural reinforcement increased to 1.8%, the load bearing capacity was enhanced.

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z Muath F. Abd ul Karim Zaid S. Hammoudi http://148.72.244.84/xmlui/handle/xmlui/13816 2024-04-03T15:21:44Z 2022-12-01T00:00:00Z

Title: Biomechanical Analysis of The Effects of Distance Between Bone and Locking Compression Plate on Construct Stability Authors: Muath F. Abd ul Karim; Zaid S. Hammoudi Abstract: Bone fractures which are treated, the Locking Compression Plate (LCP) with locked screws is commonly employed. Appropriate distance between the LCP and the bone may enhance periosteal blood supply. Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of distance between the LCP and the bone analogue on the stiffness of the locking compression plate itself using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Method: To investigate the effect of distance between the LCP and three models bone of transversely fractured tibia, the bone fixed with locked Compression Plate (LCP) containing eight holes each is 4.5 mm using cortex screws. Results: The current study revealed that the stiffness construct will be reduced when the distance between the Locking Compression Plate and the bone analogue increased. Conclusion: To preserve the bone's peripheral blood supply, the plate should be kept at a small distance from the bone during internal fixation.

2022-12-01T00:00:00Z