Thyroid gland: physiology and pathology(A short review)

Abstract

One of themain parts of the endocrine system is the thyroid gland, it produces thyroid hormones, tetraiodothyronine, and triiodothyronine, which are important for general health. In this article, we review the most important thyroid hormones and the imbalance in these hormones. The thyroid hormones control various metabolic processes, involving expenditure of energy and growth, common thyroid dysfunction include excessive activity (hyperthyroidism) or limited activity (hypothyroidism) of the thyroid gland.