Evaluation of the Effect of Vitamin D on Breast Cancer Development: its Association with Endocrine Functions and Bone Metabolism

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide, with incidence rates steadily increasing over the past decades. Despite significant advances in early detection and treatment modalities, identifying reliable biomarkers that can predict disease onset, progression, and patient outcomes remains a major clinical challenge. Among the various biological factors under investigation, vitamin D and calcium homeostasis have attracted considerable attention due to their critical roles in cell growth, differentiation, and immune regulation. Objectives: Vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH), estrogen, alkaline phosphatase, correlation levels between the parameters measured, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) were all examined in this study, which aims to shed light on the role of vitamin D in the development of breast cancer and its relationship to some parameters. Patients and Methods: The patients were divided into three groups. The control group was G1; patients diagnosed early and receiving chemotherapy were G2; and patients receiving surgery or chemotherapy were G3. Results: This study showed that, compared to the control group, the breast cancer groups had lower vitamin D levels, with statistically significant Pvalues for G1 and G2 for vitamin D and PTH, respectively. The fact that groups of people with breast cancer had significantly low vitamin D levels and high levels of parathyroid hormone supports the idea that vitamin D can fight cancer. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis underscored the diagnostic potential of vitamin D and PTH, both of which demonstrated excellent sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: Vitamin D and PTH were found to be factors that lead to tumor progression in breast cancer patients in this study. The idea that low vitamin D levels and high parathyroid hormone support the idea that vitamin D fights cancer.