Impact of sunspots on climate and hydrology of Shatt Al-Arab Delta

Abstract

The varying length of the 11-year cycle has been found to be strongly correlated with longterm variations of the northern hemisphere land surface air temperature since the beginning of systematic temperature variations from a global network, i.e. during the past 40 years. Comparison of the extended sunspot record with the temperature series confirms the high correlation between sunspot numbers and air temperature, water surface temperature and shows that the relationship has existed through the whole 40 years. Results are compared with field measurements and good correspondence is observed. There is an even better correlation between the lengths of the solar cycle, with years of the highest numbers of sunspots. When the sunspots are minima the temperatures are decreased, and when the sunspots are maxima the temperatures are increased on the earth. There are unusual astronomical Phenomena occur in 2012l (like increase surface air temperature and frequent hurricanes).