Bactericidal activity of 5 kinds of disinfectant on Vibrio cholera isolated from drinking water in Baqupa city

Abstract

Background: Cholera is an infectious, acute, diarrheal disease caused by bacterium Vibrio cholerae. About 3-5 million cases and over 100,000 deaths occur each year around the world. Vibrio cholera found in water or food sources that have been contaminated by feces from a person infected with cholera. Cholera is most likely to be found and spread in places with inadequate water treatment, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene. Cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in brackish rivers and coastal waters. Objective: To detect Vibrio cholerae in sources of drinking water in Baquba city and comparing the proportion of contamination with cholera in the two main sources of drinking water namely Tanker and tap water. As well as comparing the efficiency of five types of disinfectants in killing Vibrio cholerae Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in period from January 2015 to November 2015. Five types of disinfectants in common use have been tested in the laboratory by microtiter Plate. Where identified the inhibitory concentrations and the time required to kill isolates of Vibrio cholera. The results showed different inhibitory concentrations for the five types of disinfectants and the time of the killings as follows: Chlorhexedin scored the lesser interval 15 minutes in 128 mg/ l concentration while iodine and Sodium hypochlorite recorded the same and longest killing interval 30 minutes in1500mg/l and 256mg/l concentration respectively, The killing time of ethyl alcohol was 20 minutes at 70% concentration and the killing time of chloroxelenole concentration of 512 mg/l was 25 minute. Results: Nine isolates were diagnosed of Vibrio cholera of the total 174 water samples collected from two sources of water tap water and tanker water equipped mainly for drinking water in the well-known places in the city of Baqupa, 4% of these isolates were found in the tanker water and the rest 1.9% isolated from tap water. The main sources of drinking water in Baquba city were contaminated with Vibrio cholera except Baqupa center and Tahrer, while Buhrez occupied the highest contamination proportion .Tankers water occupied the highest proportion of contamination. Conclusion: The effectiveness of chemical disinfectant against Cholera varies depending on their site of action and concentration. The most effective were chlorohexidine, ethanole, chloroxelenol, respectively. While the lesser effect were sodium hypochlorite and iodine respectively.